Complete Excel Commands and Functions Guide 2025 (With Shortcuts & Formulas)

August 20, 2025

Excel Commands & Functions

🖥️ Excel Commands (Basic to Advanced)

1. File & Navigation

Ctrl + N → New Workbook
Ctrl + O → Open Workbook
Ctrl + S → Save Workbook
F12 → Save As
Ctrl + P → Print
Ctrl + F → Find
Ctrl + H → Replace
Ctrl + Z → Undo
Ctrl + Y → Redo

2. Editing Commands

Ctrl + C → Copy
Ctrl + X → Cut
Ctrl + V → Paste
Ctrl + A → Select All
Ctrl + Shift + L → Apply Filter
Alt + E + S + V → Paste Special Values

3. Formatting Commands

Ctrl + 1 → Format Cells
Ctrl + B → Bold
Ctrl + I → Italic
Ctrl + U → Underline
Alt + H + O + I → Auto Fit Column Width
Alt + H + O + A → Auto Fit Row Height

📊 Excel Functions (Formulas)

1. Math Functions

=SUM(A1:A10) → Adds numbers
=AVERAGE(A1:A10) → Finds mean
=ROUND(A1,2) → Rounds value
=ABS(A1) → Absolute value

2. Logical Functions

=IF(A1>50,"Pass","Fail") → Conditional test
=AND(A1>10,B1<20) → Returns TRUE if all conditions are met
=OR(A1>10,B1<5) → Returns TRUE if any condition is met
=NOT(A1>50) → Reverses logic

3. Text Functions

=CONCAT(A1,B1) → Joins text
=LEFT(A1,5) → Extracts left characters
=RIGHT(A1,4) → Extracts right characters
=LEN(A1) → Counts characters
=TRIM(A1) → Removes spaces

4. Lookup & Reference

=VLOOKUP(101,A2:D10,2,FALSE) → Vertical lookup
=HLOOKUP(101,A1:D5,2,FALSE) → Horizontal lookup
=INDEX(A1:C10,2,3) → Returns value by row & column
=MATCH(50,A1:A10,0) → Finds position of value

5. Date & Time Functions

=TODAY() → Current date
=NOW() → Current date & time
=DAY(A1) → Extracts day
=MONTH(A1) → Extracts month
=YEAR(A1) → Extracts year
=DATEDIF(A1,A2,"Y") → Finds years difference

6. Statistical Functions

=MAX(A1:A10) → Largest value
=MIN(A1:A10) → Smallest value
=MEDIAN(A1:A10) → Middle value
=MODE(A1:A10) → Most frequent value
=STDEV(A1:A10) → Standard deviation

7. Financial Functions

=PMT(rate,nper,pv) → Loan payment
=NPV(rate,values) → Net present value
=FV(rate,nper,pmt) → Future value
=IRR(values) → Internal rate of return

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